Lifespan
Exact dates are not known.
Ministry
James, along with fellow Apostles Peter and John, formed the inner core or presidency of the Twelve Apostles. He was at the Mount of Transfiguration and Gethsemane. The book of Acts mentions that Herod Agrippa I had him killed, making him the second martyr of the church (Stephen was first) and the first of the Apostles to die (after Judas Iscariot, of course).
Preparation and Calling
James was in the fishing business, partnered with his brother John and Simon Peter, when Jesus called them to join him.
Interaction with God
Unknown.
Social Situation
Same as other of the Twelve in general.
Key Teachings
Unknown, although he clearly loved the Savior.
Testimony of Christ
Unknown.
Living with the Prophet
na
Sources:
LDS Bible Dictionary
Oxford Companion to the Bible, edited by Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan